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DNV-OS-A101 Safety Principles and Arrangements
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SECTION 1
GeneralSec.1
A. Introduction
Sec.1
A 100 Introduction
Sec.1 A
101 This standard provides general safety and arrangement principles
for offshore units and installations.
Sec.1 A
102 The standard is applicable to overall safety and integrity
aspects of all types of floating offshore units and fixed installations.
Sec.1 A
103 The standard has been developed for general world-wide application.
Governmental legislation may include requirements in excess of the
provisions of this standard depending on type, location and intended service
of the unit or installation.Sec.1
A 200 Objectives
Sec.1 A
201 The objectives of the standard are to:
| — | provide an internationally acceptable
standard of safety for offshore units and installations by defining requirements
for design loads, arrangements, area classification, shut down logic,
alarms and escape or communication |
| — | serve as a contractual reference document between suppliers
and purchasers |
| — | serve as a guideline for designers, suppliers, purchasers
and regulators |
| — | specify procedures and requirements for units or installations
subject to DNV certification and classification services. |
Sec.1
A 300 Classification
Sec.1 A
301 For use of this standard as technical basis for offshore classification
as well as description of principles, procedures, and applicable
class notations related to classification services, see Table A1.Sec.1 A
| Table A1 DNV Offshore
Service Specifications |
| Reference | Title | DNV-OSS-101 | Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling
and Support Units | | DNV-OSS-102 | Rules for Classification of Floating Production,
Storage and Loading Units | | DNV-OSS-309 | Verification, Certification and Classification
of Gas Export and Receiving Terminals | |
Sec.1
A 400 Alternative solutions
Sec.1 A
401 Alternative solutions may be substituted where shown to provide
an equivalent or higher level of integrity or safety than the requirements
under this standard. Justification of alternative solutions shall
be documented.Sec.1
B. Normative References
Sec.1
B 100 General
Sec.1 B
101 The following standards include requirements that through
reference in the text constitute provisions of this offshore standard.
Latest issue of the references shall be used unless otherwise agreed.
Other recognised standards may be used provided it can be demonstrated
that these meet or exceed the requirements of the standards referenced
in 200 to 400.SOLAS references are as quoted in MODU Code 1989 and fulfil
class requirements. Note that for compliance with flag state requirements,
later amendments may be applicable.
Sec.1 B
102 Any deviations, exceptions and modifications to the codes
and standards shall be documented and agreed between the supplier,
purchaser and verifier, as applicable.
Sec.1
B 200 DNV Offshore Standards
Sec.1 B
201 The latest revision of the DNV Offshore Standards listed in
Table B1 applies.Sec.1 B
| Table B1 DNV Offshore
Standards |
| Reference | Title | DNV-OS-C301 | Stability and Watertight Integrity | | DNV-OS-D101 | Marine and Machinery Systems and Equipment | | DNV-OS-D201 | Electrical Installations | | DNV-OS-D202 | Instrumentation and Telecommunication Systems | | DNV-OS-D301 | Fire Protection | |
Sec.1
B 300 DNV Recommended practices
Sec.1 B
301 The latest revision of the DNV Recommended practices listed
in Table B2 applies.Sec.1 B
| Table B2 DNV Recommended
practices |
| Reference | Title | DNV-RP-A201 | Plan Approval Documentation Types - Definitions | |
Sec.1
B 400 Other references
Sec.1 B
401 The latest revision of the documents listed in Table B3 applies.Sec.1 B
| Table B3 Other references |
| Reference | Title | DNV Rule Set | DNV Rules for Classification of Ships | |
Sec.1
C. Informative References
Sec.1
C 100 General
Sec.1 C
101 The codes and standards in Table C1 are referenced in the
text of this offshore standard, and may be used as a source of supplementary
information.Sec.1 C
| Table C1 Informative
references |
| Reference | Title | API RP 14C | Analysis, Design, Installation and Testing
of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore Production Platforms | | ISO 10418 | Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore
production platforms - Analysis, design, installation and testing
of basic surface safety systems | | API RP 14J | Design and Hazard Analysis for Offshore Production
Facilities | | API RP 500 | Recommended Practice for Classification of
Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified
as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2 | | API RP 505 | Recommended Practice for Classification of
Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified
as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 | | API RP 521 | Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressurising
Systems | | COLREG | Convention on the International Regulations
for Preventing of Collisions at Sea, 1972 | | DNV-OS-E101 | Drilling Plant | | DNV-OS-E201 | Hydrocarbon Production Plant | | DNV report no. 98AAAEIA | Guidelines for Risk and Emergency Preparedness
Assessment | | EEMUA publication 107 | Recommendations for the protection of diesel
engines for use in zone 2 hazardous areas | | EN 1473 | Installation and Equipment for Liquefied natural
gas. Design of onshore installations | | ICAO | Standard for helicopter landing areas | | IEC 60079-10 | Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres
- Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas | | IEC 61892-7 | Mobile and fixed offshore units - Electrical
installations - Part 7: Hazardous area | | IGC Code | The International Code for the Construction
and Equipment of Ships carrying Liquefied Gas in Bulk | | IMO MODU Code | Code for the Construction and Equipment of
Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, Consolidated Edition 2001 | | IMO Res. A.830(19) | Code on Alarms and Indicators, 1995 | | IP 15 | Area Classification Code for Installations
Handling Flammable Fluids | | ISO 10418 | Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore
production platforms - Analysis, design, installation and testing
of basic surface safety systems | | ISO 13702 | Petroleum and natural gas industries - Control
and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations
- Requirements and guidelines | | NFPA 59 A | Standard for Production, Storage and handling
of Liquefied Natural Gas | | SOLAS | International Convention for the Safety of
Life at Sea, 1974, as amended | |
Sec.1
D. Definitions
Sec.1
D 100 Verbal forms
Sec.1 D
101 Shall: Indicates requirements
strictly to be followed in order to conform to this standard and
from which no deviation is permitted.
Sec.1 D
102 Should: Indicates that
among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable,
without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course
of action is preferred but not necessarily required. Other possibilities
may be applied subject to agreement.
Sec.1 D
103 May: Verbal form used
to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of
the standard.Sec.1
D 200 Definitions
Sec.1 D
201 Accommodation area: Space
used for cabins, offices, lavatories, corridors, hospitals, cinemas,
public spaces etc. Service spaces and control stations may be included
within the accommodation area.
Sec.1 D
202 Product Storage area:
Part of a unit or installation which contains: the storage spaces,
the pump rooms and/or cofferdams adjacent to product storage
tanks, and includes deck areas over the full beam and length of spaces
above. See also Tank deck.
Sec.1 D
203 Control station or Control room: General term for any
location space where essential control functions are performed during
transit, normal operations or emergency conditions. Typical examples
are central control room, radio room, process control room, bridge,
emergency response room etc. For the purpose of compliance with
the SOLAS Convention and the MODU Code, the emergency generator
room, UPS rooms and fire pump rooms are defined as control stations.
Sec.1 D
204 Design accidental events: Events
which could cause death or serious personal injury to personnel
on board the unit or installation, and which are controlled in order
to meet risk acceptance criteria. This includes events, which could
result in significant damage to the structure of the unit or installation,
loss of stability, or the need to evacuate. Design accidental events
form one basis for design dimensioning accidental loads.
Sec.1 D
205 Design accidental loads: Loads
or actions resulting from a defined accidental effect. These loads
are included in the basis for design of a system or a structure.
Sec.1 D
206 Drilling area: Includes
the derrick, drill floor, BOP area and the area containing shale
shakers and degassers. See utility area for drilling utilities such
as mud mixing, pumping, bulk storage and cementing.
Sec.1 D
207 Embarkation area: Area
immediately adjacent to a transport means of escape or evacuation
which is designated for personnel awaiting the instruction leave
or abandon the unit or installation.
Sec.1 D
208 Emergency response: Action
to safeguard the health and safety of persons on or near the unit
or installation. This usually includes all actions through alarm,
escape, muster, communications and control, evacuation and rescue.
Sec.1 D
209 Emergency services: Fire
and gas detection, fire fighting equipment, emergency generator,
etc. that need to be used in an emergency.
Sec.1 D
210 Enclosed space: Space
bounded by floors, bulkhead and/or decks that may have
doors, windows or other similar openings.
Sec.1 D
211 Evacuation: Means leaving
the unit or installation and moving away from the vicinity in an
emergency, in a systematic manner and without directly entering
the sea.
Sec.1 D
212 Hazardous areas: All
areas in which a flammable or explosive gas and air mixtures is,
or may normally be expected to be, present in quantities such as
to require special precautions for the construction and use of electrical
equipment and machinery.
Sec.1 D
213 Ignition source: Any
object in relation to area classification and safety philosophy
that could ignite an explosive gas and air atmosphere. Typical sources
could be uncertified electrical apparatus, naked flame, sparks,
static discharges, hot surfaces above ignition temperature etc.
Sec.1 D
214 Important for safety: Areas,
systems and functions, which are provided to prevent, detect, control
and mitigate the effects of an accidental event.
Sec.1 D
215 Integrity: Ability
of the unit or installation to remain safe and stable to safeguard
personnel and facilities on board. Integrity is generally taken
to mean structural soundness, strength, stability and buoyancy required to
fulfil these actions.
Sec.1 D
216 LNG Export Terminal:
An offshore terminal which processes hydrocarbons and refrigerates
gas to produce LNG.
Sec.1 D
217 LNG Import Terminal:
An offshore terminal which receives and regasifies LNG to provide
gas to the market gas grid.
Sec.1 D
218 Machinery space: Machinery
spaces of category A and other spaces containing propulsion machinery, boilers,
oil fuel units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators
and major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating,
stabilising, ventilation and air conditioning machinery and similar
spaces and trunks to such spaces.
(SOLAS Reg. II-2/3.20,
MODU Code 1.3.29).
Sec.1 D
219 Machinery spaces of category A: Spaces
and trunks to such spaces which contain:| — | internal combustion machinery
used for main propulsion; or |
| — | internal combustion machinery used for purposes other
than main propulsion where such machinery has in the aggregate a
total power output of not less than 375 kW, or |
| — | any oil-fired boiler or oil fuel unit. |
(SOLAS Reg. II-2/3.19, MODU Code 1.3.30)
Spaces which contain oil fired equipment other than boilers,
such as inert gas generators, incinerators, waste disposal units
etc., shall be considered as machinery spaces of category A. (IACS
UR F35 or UI SC15)
Sec.1 D
220 Major hazards: Hazards
that may result in fire, explosion, loss of life, damage to the
unit or installation or safety systems, or impaired escape or evacuation.
Sec.1 D
221 Mobile offshore drilling unit: Mobile
offshore unit designed for drilling operations. It can be self-elevating,
semi-submersible or ship shaped.
Sec.1 D
222 Mobile unit: Offshore
installation or unit which is designed to remain at a location for
a relatively limited period of time and which can be moved from
place to place without major dismantling or modification.
Sec.1 D
223 Muster area: A designated
area where personnel gather for protection, instructions and final
preparations before evacuation. A muster area shall be protected
from the immediate effects of an emergency, and the primary muster
area is normally within the temporary refuge.
Sec.1 D
224 Floating offshore installation:
A buoyant construction engaged in offshore operations including
drilling, production, storage or support functions, and which is
designed and built for installation at a particular offshore location.
Floating LNG terminals are also considered to be Floating Offshore
Installations.
Sec.1 D
225 Mobile offshore unit:
A buoyant construction engaged in offshore operations including
drilling, production, storage or support functions, not intended
for service at one particular offshore site and which can be relocated
without major dismantling or modification.
Sec.1 D
226 Fixed offshore installation:
A non-buoyant construction engaged in offshore operations including drilling,
production, storage or support functions, and which is designed
and built for installation at a particular offshore location. Gravity
based LNG terminals are also considered to be Fixed Offshore Installations.
Sec.1 D
227 Offshore installation:
A collective term to cover any construction, buoyant or non-buoyant,
designed and built for installation at a particular offshore location.
Sec.1 D
228 Performance standard: Quantitative
or qualitative definition of the functionality required of a system
or item of equipment. It relates to the purpose and performance
of the system or item and can be expressed in terms of capacity,
functionality, reliability, availability, survivability etc.
Sec.1 D
229 Prevailing wind: Wind
direction, which has the highest probability of occurrence.
Sec.1 D
230 Processing area: Area
designated for separation, compression, treatment and disposal of
reservoir fluids.
Sec.1 D
231 Riser area: Area containing
import and/or exports risers and includes the isolation
valve on the riser. See also Turret area.
Sec.1 D
232 Safety assessment: Systematic
evaluation of safety involving identification and evaluation of
hazards and events that could result in loss of life, property damage,
environmental damage, or the need to evacuate.
Sec.1 D
233 Safety criteria: Qualitative
and quantitative criteria, which express the maximum tolerable risk
to personnel, environment, safety functions etc.
Sec.1 D
234 Safety systems: Systems,
which are provided to prevent, detect, control or mitigate the effects
of an accidental event. Failure of a safety system could lead to
the development or escalation of an accidental event.
Sec.1 D
235 Semi-enclosed location: Locations
where natural conditions of ventilation are notably different from those
on open decks due to the presence of structures such as roofs, windbreaks
and bulkheads and which are so arranged that dispersion of gas may
be hindered.
Sec.1 D
236 Tank deck: Deck, or
part of a deck, which forms the top of a product storage tank.
Sec.1 D
237 Temporary refuge or shelter area: Area
provided to protect personnel from the effects of an emergency, which
is beyond immediate control. Protection shall be sufficient to allow
controlled muster, emergency assessment, incident evaluation, and
implementation of control emergency procedures, and evacuation etc.
The temporary refuge should be provided with adequate command communication
facilities to address an emergency and organise safe evacuation
if necessary.
Sec.1 D
238 Turret area: Area containing
mooring equipment, which enables the unit to rotate relative to
fixed facilities or pipelines on the seabed. Import and export risers
are usually located within the turret area.
Sec.1 D
239 Utility areas: Areas
for combustion equipment, power generation, switchboards, boiler,
water injection facilities, workshops, storage areas, drilling utilities
and general machinery. A utility area should not include production,
drilling or wellhead equipment, and will not normally include release
sources leading to designation as a significant hazardous area.
Sec.1 D
240 Essential system: Generally
defined as a system which supports equipment which needs to be in continuous
operation for maintaining the unit's manoeuvrability. The
definition is extended for systems associated with the offshore
unit/installation to cover systems which are needed to
be available on demand to prevent development of, or to mitigate
the effects of an undesirable event, and to safeguard the personnel, environment
and the installation.
Sec.1 D
241 Important system: Generally
defined as a system supporting equipment which needs not necessarily
be in continuous operation for maintaining the unit's manoeuvrability,
but which is necessary to maintain the unit's main functions.
The definition is extended for systems associated with the offshore
unit/installation to cover systems, which ensures reliable
operation and which maintains plant operation within operational limitations.
Sec.1
D 300 Abbreviations
Sec.1 D
301 The abbreviations in Table D1 are used.Sec.1 D
| Table D1 Abbreviations |
| Abbreviation | In full | ALS | Accidental limit states | | API | American Petroleum Institute | | APS | Abandon platform shutdown | | BOP | Blow out preventer | | CCR | Centralised control room | | DNV | Det norske Veritas | | EEMUA | Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association | | ESD | Emergency shutdown | | FMEA | Failure mode and effect analysis | | HAZID | Hazard identification | | HAZOP | Hazard and operability (study) | | IACS | International Association of Classification
Societies | | IACS UI | Unified interpretation | | IACS UR | Unified requirement | | ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organisation | | IEC | International Electrotechnical Commission | | IMO | International Maritime Organization | | ISO | International Organisation of Standardisation | | KO | Knock out | | LAHH | Level alarm high high | | LALL | Level alarm low low | | LEL | Lower explosion limit | | LER | Local Equipment Room | | LIR | Local Instrument Room | | LNG | Liquefied Natural Gas | | MAC | Manually activated call point | | MODU | Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit | | NDE | Normally de-energised | | NE | Normally energised | | OS | Offshore standard | | OSS | Offshore service specification | | PALL | Pressure alarm low low | | PSD | Process shutdown | | RP | Recommended practice | | SCSSSV | Surface controlled sub sea shutdown valve | | SSIV | Sub-surface isolation valve | | STL | Submerged turret loading | | STP | Submerged turret production | | UEL | Upper explosion limit | | ULS | Ultimate limit states | | UPS | Uninterruptible power supply | |
Sec.1
E. Documentation
Sec.1
E 100 General
Sec.1 E
101 Documentation requirements shall be in accordance with the
NPS DocReq (DNV Nauticus Production System for documentation requirements)
and DNV-RP-A201.
Sec.1 E
102 For specific documentation requirements related to use of
this standard for classification, see DNV-OSS-101 and DNV-OSS-102.
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