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A: Unique definition of a laminate [Table of Contents] App.C: Test methods for laminates

DNV-OS-C501 Composite Components

[-] App.B: Lay-up and laminate specification
[-] A: Unique definition of a laminate
[-] A100:

App.B
A 100   

App.B A
101   It is important to characterise a laminate in an unambiguous way. All constituent materials have to be identified.

App.B A
102   A composite laminate is generally made of a number of layers stacked on top of each other. These layers can consist of complicated or simple fibre arrangements. The layers are the units that are physically stacked in the production process.

App.B A
103   The basic building block of a laminate is the ply (lamina). The ply is an orthotropic material and its properties are needed for laminate analysis.

App.B A
104   If reinforcement fabrics are not the same (e.g. a multi axial fabric), both should be identified in a laminate.

App.B A
105   The axis of the ply co-ordinate system of each ply shall to be clearly identified.

App.B A
106   The type of the reinforcement and the weight per area in each ply shall be given.

App.B A
107   The stacking sequence of the laminate shall be clearly described. Each ply shall be identified and its orientation in the laminate shall be described. Usually a laminate co-ordinate system x, y, z is chosen. The z-axis is the through the thickness direction. The orientation of the main reinforcement direction of the plies (1-direction) is given relative to the x-direction of the laminate.

App.B A
Table A1 Descriptions of laminates (a complete description of a laminate given as example).  
Fabric type, Orientation and Number Ply Reinforcement * Weight Thickness
(mm) 		Orientation Resin 
Gelcoat - 0 0 none - 0.2 - Vinylester 
CSM 0 1 1 CSM 400 g/m2 0.4 isotropic Vinylester 
WR 90 2 2 WR 50%/50% 800 g/m2 0.8 0 Vinylester 
CSM 0 3 3 CSM 400 g/m2 0.4 isotropic Vinylester 
CSM 0 4 4 CSM 400 g/m2 0.4 isotropic Polyester 
800/100 90 5 5 CSM 100 g/m2 0.1 isotropic Polyester 
Combimat   6 WR 50%/50% 800 g/m2 0.8 0 Polyester 
800/100 90 6 7 CSM 100 g/m2 0.1 isotropic Polyester 
Combimat   8 WR 50%/50% 800 g/m2 0.8 90 Polyester 
CSM 0 7 9 CSM 400 g/m2 0.4 isotropic Polyester 
90,+45 multiax 90 8 10 SF 400 g/m2 0.4 0 Polyester 
800 g   11 SF 200 g/m2 0.2 +45 Polyester 
   12 SF 200 g/m2 0.2 -45 Polyester 
90,+45 multiax 0 9 13 SF 400 g/m2 0.4 90 Polyester 
800 g   14 SF 200 g/m2 0.2 +45 Polyester 
   15 SF 200 g/m2 0.2 -45 Polyester 
multiax hybrid 90 10 16 CSM 100 g/m2 0.1 isotropic Polyester 
combi   17 SF 50%Aramid50%Glass 300 g/m2 0.3 +45 Polyester 
   18 SF 50%Aramid50%Glass 300 g/m2 0.3 -45 Polyester 
multiax hybrid 90 11 19 CSM 100 g/m2 0.1 isotropic Polyester 
combi   20 SF 300 g/m2 0.3 +45 Polyester 
   21 SF Aramid 400 g/m2 0.4 0 Polyester 
   22 SF 300 g/m2 0.3 -45 Polyester 
Twill 90 12 23 WR 70%weft 30%warp 450 g/m2 0.45 0 Polyester 
Twill 0 13 24 WR 70%weft 30%warp 450 g/m2 0.45 90 Polyester 
Surface Ply 0 14 25 WR 50/50 Polyester 450 g/m2 0.45 0/90 Polyester 

*if no material is mentioned it is glass, % are given in weight fraction of reinforcement.
WR: Woven Roving, CSM: Chopped Strand Mat, SF: Straight Fibres

App.B A
108   The thickness of each ply has to be estimated. This can be done by the following formula (for non-hybrid reinforcements):

raster

where Vf is the fibre volume fraction and rf is the density of the fibre. M is the mass per area of the fibres.

A: Unique definition of a laminate [Table of Contents] App.C: Test methods for laminates