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DNV-OS-C501 Composite Components
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Sec.4
G. Properties under fire
Sec.4
G 100 Introduction
Sec.4 G
101 The performance of composites in a fire is a complex process,
because the various constituent materials respond differently to
a fire.
Sec.4 G
102 The requirements under fire conditions can usually be found
in the fire codes for a particular application.
Sec.4 G
103 Fire codes may implicitly assume that the structure is built
of steel or metal. The relevance of a fire code to composite materials
shall be checked carefully.
Sec.4 G
104 Since most composites are flammable and temperature sensitive
most applications use protective measures to reduce the impact of
fire. In this case the fire performance of the complete system,
i.e. a composite structure with fire protection shall be evaluated.
Sec.4 G
105 An advantage of composite laminates is their low thermal conductivity
and the usually long times required to reach burn through conditions.
Sec.4 G
106 Some aspects of fire performance can be modelled, but some
experimental testing shall always be done to demonstrate fire performance.Sec.4
G 200 Fire reaction
Sec.4 G
201 Fire reaction describes the response of a composite to fire
in terms of flammability, flame spread, smoke development and emission
of toxic gases. All these aspects shall be documented if relevant.
Sec.4 G
202 Special additives or fillers are often added to composites to
improve fire reaction.
Sec.4 G
203 The influence of such additives or fillers on the basic mechanical
properties shall be evaluated.Sec.4
G 300 Fire resistance
Sec.4 G
301 Fire resistance describes the remaining strength of a composite
structure under a fire.
Sec.4 G
302 As a first estimate of fire resistance the temperature dependent
properties, as described in E200,
can be used.
Sec.4 G
303 The temperature within a composite laminate can be calculated
by means of appropriate models.
Sec.4 G
304 If chemical reactions can occur within the laminate their influence
on the temperature distribution shall be considered.
Sec.4 G
305 Through thickness properties and matrix dominated properties
shall be carefully evaluated, especially in the region of joints.
Matrix dominated properties tend to degrade rapidly in a fire.Guidance note:
A panel with stiffeners may loose most of its stiffness if
the stiffeners delaminate from the panel due to the fire.---e-n-d---o-f---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
Sec.4
G 400 Insulation
Sec.4 G
401 The properties of the insulation with respect to fire reaction
and fire resistance shall be evaluated.
Sec.4 G
402 Special consideration shall be given to the joints of the insulation
and the method the insulation is attached to the component. Attachment
points and joints may create hot spots in the component.
Sec.4 G
403 All large scale testing shall be done with jointed insulation
and the same attachments as used in the real application.Sec.4
G 500 Properties after the fire
Sec.4 G
501 A fire is usually seen as an accidental load case and properties
after the fire shall be evaluated for each individual case.
Sec.4 G
502 If the temperature has locally exceeded the Tg of the component
it is very likely that permanent damage has been made to the component
in that area.
Sec.4 G
503 If the temperature remained locally under Tg damage may be
introduced due to overloads from other parts of the structure.
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