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DNV-OS-C502 Offshore Concrete Structures
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App.B
A 200 Loads
App.B A
201 Loads shall be determined by recognized methods, taking into
account the variation of loads in time and space. Such loads shall
be included in the structural analysis in a realistic manner representing
the magnitude, direction and time variance of such loads.
App.B A
202 Permanent and live loads shall be based on the most likely
anticipated values at the time of the analysis. Consideration shall
be given to minimum anticipated values as well as maximum loading.
The former governs some aspects of the design of gravity based structures.
App.B A
203 Hydrostatic pressures shall be based on the specified range
of fluid surface elevations and densities. Hydrostatic pressures
on floating structures during operation, transportation, installation
and removal stages shall include the effects of pitch and roll of
the structure due to intentional trim, wind heel, wave load or damage
instability. The above also apply to fixed structures under transportation,
installation and removal phases.
App.B A
204 Prestressing effects shall be applied to the model as external
forces at anchorages and bends, or as internal strain compatible
effects. In both cases, due allowance shall be made for all likely
losses in prestressing force. Where approximated by external reactions,
relaxation in tendon forces due to the effect of other loads on
the state of strain in the concrete shall be considered.
App.B A
205 Thermal effects are normally simulated by temperatures applied
to the surface and through the thickness of the structure. Sufficient
temperature conditions shall be considered to produce maximum temperature
differentials across individual sections and between adjacent components.
The temperatures shall be determined with due regard to thermal
boundary conditions and material conductivity. Thermal insulation
effects due to insulating concrete or drill cuttings shall be considered, if
present.
App.B A
206 Wave, current and wind loads shall include the influence of
such loads on the motion of the structure while floating. In cases
where dynamic response of the structure may be of importance, such
response shall be considered in determining extreme load effects.
Pseudo-static or dynamic analyses shall be used.
App.B A
207 Uncertainties in topsides centre of gravity, built-in forces
and deformations from transfer of topsides from barges to the concrete
structure shall be represented by a range of likely values, the
structure being checked for the most critical extreme value.
App.B A
208 Structures designed to contain cryogenic gas (LNG) shall additionally
be designed in accordance with the provisions made in DNV-OS-C503.
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